Clinicopathological Features of Osteosarcoma with Metastasis to the Lung and Non-Metastasis Status in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2019 to 2024

Abstract

Introduction

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in both adults and children. The 5-year survival rate for OS is only 60-70%, but it drops to less than 30% with distant metastasis, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of OS patients with and without lung metastasis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from 2019 to 2024.

Methods

This observational analytic study obtained medical records of OS patients between 2019 and 2024. Metastasis status was determined through radiological exams. Gender, age, tumor size, location, and survival rate, were analyzed using the Chi-square test, while histopathological subtypes were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test. P values <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

Among the 98 patients, 35 (35.7%) had lung metastasis, while 63 (64.3%) had non-metastasis. Most patients were male (57.1%) and under 19 years old (54.1%). The conventional subtype (91.8%), and tumors size larger than 8 cm (72.4%) were the most common. Tumors were primarily located in the femur (38.8%), tibia (35.7%), and humerus (13.3%). No significant differences were observed between the lung metastasis and non-metastasis groups regarding gender, histopathological subtype, or tumor location. Tumor size larger than 8 cm (p=0.03), age over 18 years old (p=0.03) and the 12-month survival rate (p=0.01) showed statistically significant differences between both groups.

Conclusion

Age more than 18 years old, and tumor size larger than 8 cm increased the risk of lung metastasis, which significantly decreased the survival rate in OS patients.